Food Safety and Regulatory Measures

Biography

Biography: Stan Kubow

Abstract

Ozone exposure linked with air pollution represents a significant contributor to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality which is closely related to pro-inflammatory events. As dietary polyphenols are associated with anti-inflammatory effects, we tested the efficacy of a polyphenol rich potato extract (PRPE) supplement to affect lung inflammation in ozone-exposed male and female C57BL/6 mice. Male and female mice were fed ad libitum either a 100% PRPE [chlorogenic acid (200 mg/kg diet) and ferulic acid (6 mg/kg diet)] or 20% PRPE [chlorogenic acid (40 mg/kg diet) and ferulic acid (1.2 mg/kg diet)]. After 4 weeks of dietary adaptation, animals were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone or air in a stainless steel chamber for 4 hour and euthanized 24 hours post exposure. Dietary supplementation with PRPE protected against ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation/injury in both sexes as demonstrated by decreased protein concentration (100% and 20% PRPE) and lowered alveolar macrophage cell and neutrophil cell counts (100% PRPE) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To identify for possible bioactive components, colonic digesta obtained from digestion of PRPE in a human simulated gastrointestinal model underwent metabolism via CaCo-2/HepG2 co-culture which mimics human intestinal and hepatic first pass metabolism. 3-Phenylpropionic acid (PPA) which is a microbial-generated metabolite of chlorogenic acid was detectable by electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry after CaCo-2/HepG2 co-culture of PRPE digesta. At physiological concentrations PPA showed protective anti-inflammatory action against H2O2-induced inflammation in human Calu-3respiratory epithelial cells. Overall, these studies indicate PRPE exerts anti-inflammatory pulmonary protection against ozone exposure which may be partly mediated by PPA.